A field can look calm in daylight and become contested ground by dawn. A farmer returns to find banana trees torn open. In another region, f...

A field can look calm in daylight and become contested ground by dawn. A farmer returns to find banana trees torn open. In another region, families no longer let children walk alone near the forest edge after dark. The danger is not constant, yet it is close enough to alter daily habits. Human wildlife conflict begins there, not in slogans about nature, but in the ordinary fear of losing food, income, or safety when people and wild animals are pushed into the same space.

The problem is often described as if animals simply “enter” human life, but the truth is less tidy. As roads spread, forests shrink, and settlements reach further into old habitats, the distance between survival and collision grows thin. For conservation campaigns, wildlife may appear as beauty, rarity, even national pride. For many rural communities, however, it can also mean wrecked crops, dead livestock, and nights lived on alert. What sounds noble from far away may feel punishing up close.

The public story also tends to flatten the conflict. Some images are used to raise awareness, showing that habitat loss, poverty, and weak protection systems all intensify the pressure. Others do something cheaper. They turn fear into spectacle. A damaged farm becomes a dramatic thumbnail. A wild animal becomes either a villain or a saint. In both cases, reality is stripped of its weight. The conflict is no longer understood. It is packaged.

Yet coexistence is not an empty ideal. In some places, practical changes such as stronger livestock enclosures, local tracking systems, and community led protection have reduced losses and lowered revenge killings. That matters because the issue is not only about saving wildlife or defending people. It is about whether modern society can respond to collision without demanding that one side become invisible.

[Adapted from https://wwf.panda.org/discover/our_focus/wildlife_practice/human_wildlife_conflict/]

Question 23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as an immediate effect of human-wildlife conflict?

A. The destruction of agricultural products in the fields.

B. The restriction of movement for people near forest areas.

C. The loss of stable financial resources for local farmers.

D. The complete disappearance of rare species from the region.

Question 24. The word “collision” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.

A. contact        B. pressure        C. conflict        D. danger

Question 25. The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to __________.

A. the distance between survival and collision        B. national pride in conservation campaigns

C. the beauty associated with rare animals        D. wildlife as experienced by rural communities

Question 26. According to paragraph 2, why does the distance between survival and collision become smaller?

A. Because rural communities have lost interest in protecting national pride.

B. Because human infrastructure and living areas are expanding into natural habitats.

C. Because conservation campaigns have focused too much on the beauty of animals.

D. Because wild animals have become more aggressive due to climate change.

Question 27. The word “flatten” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to __________.

A. simplify and reduce        B. deepen and enrich        C. shorten and narrow        D. weaken and soften

Question 28. Which of the following best paraphrases the statements in paragraph 3?

A. When reality becomes too heavy for the public to handle, the media must find a way to make it more attractive and easier to consume.

B. Whether animals are seen as villains or saints, the public is presented with a simplified version that ignores the serious nature of the conflict.

C. The conflict between humans and wildlife can only be understood once it has been carefully organized and presented by the media.

D. Modern audiences prefer to see wild animals as saints, which helps restore the balance and weight of the conservation story.

Question 29. In which paragraph does the author discuss how certain media representations can distort the true nature of the conflict?

A. Paragraph 1        B. Paragraph 2        C. Paragraph 3        D. Paragraph 4

Question 30. In which paragraph does the author suggest that resolving the conflict requires a balance between human needs and animal preservation?

A. Paragraph 1        B. Paragraph 2        C. Paragraph 3        D. Paragraph 4