Read the following passage about Urban Heat Islands: A Growing Crisis and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the...

Read the following passage about Urban Heat Islands: A Growing Crisis and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

Cities around the world become much hotter than countryside areas, which creates serious health problems and makes social differences worse. The urban heat island effect happens when city centers experience higher temperatures than nearby rural areas because concrete buildings absorb heat from the sun. (18)_________, they could prevent many heat-related health problems each year. Streets, buildings, and parking areas collect heat energy during the day, then release it slowly at night, keeping cities warm constantly. Studies show that poorer communities suffer more from extreme heat than wealthy ones. Poor neighborhoods, (19)_________, can be up to 15°F hotter in summer. Residents cannot buy air conditioners; furthermore, they often work outside in the heat. These vulnerable people frequently lack cars to reach cooling centers or hospitals when heat emergencies happen.

(20)_________. Hospitals report more patients with dehydration, heat stroke, and heart problems when temperatures rise above 95°F. City leaders must focus on fair solutions; (21)_________. Solutions require major investment in natural cooling methods and better city planning. Green roofs, light-colored pavements, and more trees can reduce surface temperatures significantly. Governments should help poor families pay energy bills while creating complete heat emergency plans. (22)_________, what remains essential is community participation in finding local problems and developing appropriate solutions.

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Question 18:

A. Having built more parks and green spaces immediately

B. If cities were to build more parks and green spaces immediately

C. Which cities should build more parks and green spaces immediately

D. Whose residents would benefit from more parks and green spaces immediately

Question 19:

A. usually have fewer trees and green areas than rich districts do

B. which, unlike rich districts, have invested heavily in tree planting in recent years

C. which usually have fewer trees and green areas than rich districts

D. are usually located near large parks and green belts in the city

Question 20:

A. Elderly people, especially those living alone, face greater danger during heat waves

B. Elderly people who stay physically active are less likely to suffer serious heat-related illness

C. People with chronic conditions face greater danger during heat waves, even with access to cooling

D. Elderly people, especially those living alone, face greater danger during cold snaps

Question 21:

A. meanwhile, current inequalities will become worse and divide communities even more deeply

B. however, current inequalities will become worse and divide communities even more deeply

C. therefore, current inequalities will become worse and divide communities even more deeply

D. otherwise, current inequalities will become worse and divide communities even more deeply

Question 22:

A. To protect all residents from increasingly dangerous heat conditions

B. For protecting all residents from increasingly dangerous heat conditions

C. For protecting all residents against increasingly dangerous heat conditions

D. For protection all residents from increasingly dangerous heat conditions