Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 16 to 20.

        An ethnography is a valuable research design for studying groups in education, focusing on their behaviors, beliefs, language, and the ways they develop shared patterns of interaction over time. Ethnographic research is a qualitative approach used to describe, analyze, and interpret the patterns of a culture-sharing group. (16) ____________, including language, rituals, social structures, life stages, interactions, and communication.

        Ethnographers conduct research by entering the “field,” (17) ____________. They aim to produce a detailed cultural portrait of a group within its natural setting. Typically, ethnographic studies focus on a group of individuals at a single site, examining shared patterns of behavior, belief, and language that have evolved over time. Fieldwork often involves observing and interviewing participants in the contexts where they live and work. Data analysis begins with describing and analyzing the culture-sharing group and interpreting its patterns within the broader context of culture in action. (18) ____________. The roots of ethnographic research lie in anthropology, sociology, education, and postmodern concerns about interpretation and representation.

        Historically, three main types of ethnographic designs have emerged: realist, case study, and critical ethnographies. A realist ethnography presents an objective account of a culture-sharing group. (19) ____________. Case studies focus on a specific program, event, or activity and offer an in-depth description and analysis based on extensive data collection. Critical ethnography emphasizes advocacy, giving voice to marginalized groups and addressing issues of power and authority. Together, these three ethnographic designs illustrate the methodological diversity of ethnographic research, (20) ____________.

(Adapted from Educational Research)

Question 16.         

        A. People behave and believe in a system of cultural concepts and encompass them broadly

        B. Culturally, encompassing belief systems in human behavior is a broad concept

        C. The concept of culture is broad and encompasses human behavior and belief systems

        D. Human behavior and their belief systems are broadly encompassed the concept of culture

Question 17.         

        A. observing and interviewing are means of collecting extensive data

        B. through interviewing and observation, data are collected extensively

        C. that extensive data are collected through interviewing and observation

        D. where they collect extensive data through observation and interviewing

Question 18.         

A. Ethnographers, therefore, adopt a reflexive inquiry style, remaining self-aware in research while maintaining respect for participants.

B. On the contrary, ethnographers maintain a reflexive inquiry style and adopt self-aware in research to remain respect for participants.

C. Participants, on the contrary, respect for ethnographers while remaining self-aware in a reflexive inquiry in research.

D. Therefore, participants remain a reflexive inquiry style in research while maintaining their respect for ethnographers.

Question 19.         

A. This type of ethnopgraphy is typically written from a third-person perspective, with the researcher providing the final interpretation.

B. Regardless of a third-person perspective, it is typically written basing on the researcher’s sole perspective and interpretation.

C. Typically, it is written from a researcher’s perspective basing on the final interpretation which is provided by the third person.

D. The researcher writes this type of ethnopghraphy from their own perspectives without any interpretation from a third person.

Question 20.         

        A. because social and cultural phenomena can be understood from a distinct lens offered

        B. to understand social and cultural phenomena through a distinct lens offered by them

        C. each of them ofters a distinct lens in order to understand social and cultural phenomena

        D. each offering a distinct lens through which social and cultural phenomena can be understood