Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.

Techfest Vietnam 2025

Empowering Innovation and Entrepreneurship

Techfest Vietnam 2025 stands as the nation’s (1) ______ startup and scientific innovation event, bringing together brilliant minds from across the country. The festival provides an exceptional platform where entrepreneurs, investors, and technology enthusiasts can connect, collaborate, and create groundbreaking solutions.

What to Expect

Participants will encounter a substantial (2) ______ of activities including pitch competitions, hackathons, mentorship sessions, and technology showcases. The organizing team has successfully (3) ______ partnerships with venture capital firms, accelerators, and multinational corporations eager to discover promising startups.

This year’s edition places particular emphasis on emerging technologies such as blockchain, biotechnology, and renewable energy solutions. Young innovators (4) ______ projects demonstrate exceptional potential will receive funding, mentorship, and market access support.

The event (5) ______ over multiple days across various locations in major cities, ensuring maximum participation and impact. Whether you’re an aspiring entrepreneur or an (6) ______ investor, Techfest Vietnam 2025 offers invaluable networking and learning opportunities.

Secure your spot today!

For registration, visit https://techfest.vn/

(Adapted from https://english.vov.vn)

Question 1. A. premier                B. primary                C. prime                D. principal

Question 2. A. multitude                B. variety                C. amount                D. number

Question 3. A. drawn up                B. struck up                C. built up                D. lined up

Question 4. A. whom                B. at which                C. whose                D. where

Question 5. A. unfolds                B. unfolding                C. unfolded                D. to unfold

Question 6. A. experience                B. experienced        C. experiencing        D. experiential

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent text.

Question 7.   a. I had prepared thoroughly for weeks, yet when the moment arrived I suddenly got cold feet about speaking.

B. Last quarter, I was scheduled to present quarterly results to senior management at my internship company.

C. This nerve-wracking moment was transformative and taught me that courage means acting despite feeling afraid inside.

D. Unfortunately, my anxiety was visible throughout and I rushed through slides without making clear points to anyone.

e. Rather than avoiding presentations afterward, I joined a public speaking workshop to build my confidence systematically.

A.  a-b-d-e-c                        B. b-a-d-e-c                        C. b-a-d-c-e                        D. c-b-a-d-e

Question 8.  Dear Ms. Williams,

A. We received an overwhelming response with exceptionally qualified candidates, making the selection process remarkably competitive and challenging for our committee.

B. Thank you for your interest in the Project Coordinator role and for taking the time to interview with us last week.

C. After careful deliberation and thorough evaluation, we regret to inform you that we have decided to proceed with another candidate.

D. We were genuinely impressed by your qualifications and experience, and we will retain your resume for future opportunities that align better.

e. We wish you every success in your job search and hope our paths may cross again under different circumstances.

Warm regards,

GlobalTech Industries

A.  b-a-c-d-e                        B. b-c-a-d-e                        C. c-b-a-d-e                        D. a-b-c-d-e

Question 9.   a. Steven: We’re having a presentation about the new marketing strategy tomorrow. Would you like to attend?

B. Laura: Sure, I’d be very interested. What time does it start exactly?

C. Steven: It begins at ten o’clock in the main conference room on the third floor.

A.  a-c-b                        B. c-a-b                        C. a-b-c                        D. b-a-c

Question 10. a. From Hanoi’s clear broths to Saigon’s aromatic herbs, variations reflect climate, trade, and migration.

B. Street vendors standardised techniques over generations, while markets ensured fresh produce and affordable proteins.

C. Vietnamese culinary heritage extends far beyond pho, weaving regional histories into everyday dishes nationwide.

D. The result is a living cuisine: attentive to origin, yet adaptable, inventive, and confidently global.

e. Meanwhile, contemporary chefs reinterpret classics, introducing plant-based broths, artisanal noodles, and regional pairings.

A.  c-b-a-e-d                        B. c-a-b-e-d                        C. a-c-b-e-d                        D. c-a-e-b-d

Question 11. a. Zoe: Do you prefer exercising at the gym or using online fitness apps?

B. Zoe: That’s true, but apps offer flexibility and personalized routines.

C. Zoe: I think combining both can help maintain long-term fitness goals.

D. Lucas: I use fitness apps now, but traditional exercise gives stronger motivation.

e. Lucas: Yes, they both encourage health awareness in different ways.

A.  a-b-c-d-e                         B. a-b-d-c-e                         C. a-d-b-c-e                         D. b-a-d-e-c

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 12 to 16.

        Social media has transformed how people communicate and share information worldwide. A decade ago, only a handful of platforms existed, and their reach was limited. (12) _______. Improved internet infrastructure and affordable smartphones have made access nearly universal in many regions. Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter shaped early adoption; newer apps like TikTok attract younger demographics. Video content dominates feeds because it captures attention more effectively than text. When users engage with posts, algorithms prioritize similar material in their timelines. (13) _______. Advertisers are then eager to fund campaigns targeting specific interest groups. However, rapid expansion brings challenges alongside opportunities. Critics warn about misinformation, echo chambers, and declining face-to-face interaction. Educational programs and digital literacy initiatives can address some of these concerns. (14) _______. Teachers and librarians demonstrate how to verify sources, not just consume viral trends. Platform designers aim to balance engaging features with user well-being in their updates. (15) _______. Content creators also collaborate across countries–sharing best practices, monetization strategies, and audience insights. When dialogue remains constructive, communities benefit from diverse perspectives while maintaining healthy discourse. (16) _______.

(Adapted from Our World in Data, "The Rise of Social Media")

Question 12. A. Currently, billions of users engage daily, creating an extensive network of interconnected voices and diverse perspectives

B.  Presently, countless individuals participate regularly, establishing a vast system of linked communities and shared ideas

C.  Today, enormous user populations access platforms frequently, forming a comprehensive web of connected participants and viewpoints

D.  Now, massive audiences interact consistently, generating an expansive framework of associated users and exchanged concepts

Question 13. A. Brands recognize that influence and consequently adjust marketing budgets to emphasize digital channels over traditional media outlets

B.  Companies acknowledge these patterns and therefore reallocate advertising expenditures to prioritize online platforms over conventional channels

C.  Corporations who understand these impacts will shift promotional investments to favor digital strategies over traditional approaches

D.  Businesses identified those trends and subsequently redirect marketing resources which concentrate on digital venues over established media

Question 14. A. Workshops teach critical evaluation skills, helping participants distinguish credible information from misleading or false content online

B.  Training sessions develop analytical capabilities, enabling attendees to differentiate reliable sources from deceptive material digitally

C.  Educational programs cultivate discernment abilities, assisting learners in separating trustworthy data from questionable information online

D.  Instructional courses build assessment competencies, allowing participants to identify legitimate content versus unreliable material digitally

Question 15. A. Effective moderation strategies are recommended to platform teams, enabling them to address disputes fairly and transparently

B.  Comprehensive oversight approaches are suggested for community administrators, helping them maintain standards without discouraging participation

C.  Robust governance frameworks are proposed to service providers, allowing them to handle conflicts equitably and openly

D.  Clear management protocols are advised for platform operators, permitting them to resolve controversies consistently and accountably

Question 16. A. There is believed to substantial potential for social media to foster global understanding and international cooperation

B.  There are considered to become significant opportunities for digital platforms to promote cross-cultural dialogue and mutual respect

C.  There appear to be considerable possibilities for online networks to facilitate worldwide comprehension and collaborative efforts

D.  There seems to meaningful prospects for social platforms to encourage intercultural communication and collective action

Read the following newsletter and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 17 to 21.

Coastal Watch Weather Bulletin: Monthly Climate Update - October 2025

Dear Subscribers,

Welcome to this month’s comprehensive weather analysis and forecast for the coastal regions of Southeast England.

Section 1: Recent weather patterns

October has proven exceptionally dynamic from a meteorological perspective. The month began with (17) ______ weather systems bringing unseasonably warm temperatures, with some areas experiencing highs of 22°C - well above the historical average for this time of year. Meteorologists (18) ______ attributing this phenomenon to a persistent high-pressure system positioned over continental Europe, which has been directing warm air masses northward across the English Channel.

Section 2: Current conditions

As we progress through the latter half of October, conditions are beginning to shift dramatically. A substantial (19) ______ of precipitation is forecast for the coming week, (20) ______ a deep Atlantic low-pressure system advances eastward. Residents should prepare for wet and windy conditions, particularly along exposed coastal areas where wind gusts may exceed 60 mph during peak periods.

Section 3: Looking ahead

The extended forecast suggests a transition (21) ______ more typical autumn weather patterns by month’s end. Temperatures are expected to gradually decline to seasonal norms, ranging between 10-14°C during daylight hours. Night-time temperatures may drop to single digits, potentially bringing the first frost of the season to inland areas.

Section 4: Safety advisory

Given the anticipated deterioration in weather conditions, we strongly advise residents to (22) ______ necessary precautions. Secure outdoor furniture and equipment, check drainage systems, and avoid unnecessary travel during severe weather warnings. Mariners should exercise particular caution and monitor marine forecasts closely before venturing offshore.

Stay safe and weather-aware.

Best regards,

The Coastal Watch Meteorology Team

(Adapted from weather service bulletins)

Question 17. A. stable mild persistent                        B. persistent stable mild

C.  mild stable persistent                        D. persistent mild stable

Question 18. A. have been                B. had been                C. would be                D. will be

Question 19. A. spell                B. bout                C. stretch                D. measure

Question 20. A. as                        B. while                C. since                D. for

Question 21. A. toward                B. into                        C. onto                D. upon

Question 22. A. exercise                B. exert                C. implement                D. undertake

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

        A digital nomad visa codifies the legal permission to live in one jurisdiction while earning income from elsewhere. Unlike short tourist stamps, they typically authorize longer stays and sometimes interact with tax-residence thresholds. Because eligibility is framed for remote work, both students and workers may apply, though fees and proofs differ. If an applicant satisfies documentation and income floors, approval is possible; if not, admission can be refused. They also coexist with local rules on health insurance, background checks, and accommodation evidence.

        Well over fifty regions now entertain remote-work stays, from The Bahamas and Croatia to Spain and Norway, while others tempt nomads with lenient residence or freelancer routes rather than purpose-built permits. While many programs are intentionally designed for remote staff, others merely accommodate itinerant workers through flexible residence or freelancer schemes. Some jurisdictions have announced or launched new offerings recently – South Africa and Taiwan among them – whereas a handful remain “in the pipeline.” Employers can sometimes sponsor teams, yet solo applicants remain the norm.

        Costs and compliance vary markedly. The Bahamas’ BEATS requires an application fee, proof of employment and insurance, and – upon approval – a substantial permit payment, with add-ons for dependents. Dominica’s program levies fixed visa fees and expects evidence of annual income, alongside passport biodata and bank references. Processing windows are usually brisk but not guaranteed; delays may occur if forms are incomplete. If dependents accompany you, additional charges and documents are triggered; if income falls short, renewal prospects are slim.

        The appeal is obvious: usable infrastructure and the possibility of a “working holiday.” Yet frictions accumulate – time-zone strain, precarious renewals, and the social cost of transience. Moving frequently can impede durable relationships, and high fees erode savings. Tax exposure also looms: stay past common 183-day thresholds and a new residence may be asserted, potentially raising liabilities. Independence is prized; however, stability is traded away. Vigilant planning – visas, insurance, and taxes – tempers risk but cannot eliminate it.

(Adapted from https://www.investopedia.com/countries-offering-digital-nomad-visas-5190861)

Question 22. The word codifies in paragraph 1 can be best replaced by ______?

A.  improvises                B. formalizes                        C. obfuscates                        D. delegates

Question 23. Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 3?

A.  BEATS waives proof of insurance for approved applicants.

B.  Dominica’s program ignores income evidence if a bank letter is provided.

C.  Processing can be delayed when applications are incomplete or requirements are unmet.

D.  Dependents reduce the total fees payable by the principal applicant.

Question 24. The word lenient in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.

A.  permissive                B. accommodating                C. tolerant                        D. strict

Question 25. The word They in paragraph 1 refers to ______.

A.  digital nomad visas                                B. remote workers

C.  national tax authorities                                D. university students

Question 26. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 4 as a disadvantage?

A.  Applicants face insurmountable local-language tests that routinely invalidate otherwise complete dossiers.

B.  Time-zone differences can create work-schedule strain that accumulates over long periods.

C.  Frequent moves can weaken social ties and prevent durable relationships from forming.

D.  Extended stays may trigger tax residency and increase overall liabilities for travelers.

Question 27. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?

A.  Certain programmes explicitly cater to remote workers, while others provide incidental coverage for mobile professionals via general permits.

B.  Some visas purposefully target remote employees, whereas others only suit nomads indirectly via broader residence or freelance options.

C.  Many jurisdictions design dedicated remote-work visas, though some address nomadic employment through adaptable residency frameworks instead.

D.  While some countries create bespoke remote-work permits, others enable nomadic lifestyles indirectly using existing immigration pathways.

Question 28. Which paragraph mentions jurisdictions that have recently launched or announced programs while others remain “in the pipeline”?

A.  Paragraph 1        B. Paragraph 2                C. Paragraph 3                D. Paragraph 4

Question 29. Which paragraph mentions fees and documentation differences using examples like BEATS and Dominica?

A.  Paragraph 1        B. Paragraph 2                C. Paragraph 3                D. Paragraph 4

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

        Calls to treat compute as a public utility signal the strategic return of the state, not least through industrial policies like the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act and the EU’s Net-Zero Industry Act. In AI, compute – the capacity to train and serve large models – has become the decisive lever. The UK’s £900m AI Research Resource (AIRR) is framed as world-class infrastructure to widen access and seed public-interest innovation. [I] Yet if access remains scarce and extractive, such investment could merely gild existing hierarchies instead of redressing them.

        AI relies on an interlaced stack: chips and data-center infrastructure, orchestration software, model development and hosting, then downstream applications. Where this stack is vertically integrated or steered by venture-capital imperatives, frontier research narrows, and “open” projects become dependent on hyperscalers’ platforms and purse strings. Partnerships that canalize public research into private clouds risk entrenching monopoly control over experimentation, evaluation, and deployment. [II] The upshot is a compute divide that attenuates academic participation and sidelines smaller firms with socially valuable but less lucrative aims.

        On present trajectories, the gulf between researchers’ needs and domestically available capacity will widen, especially where public provision is thin. Governments can procure cloud credits as an interim fix while seeding on-shore capacity and “friend-shoring” resilient supply chains. [III] Relying on hyperscalers to fulfil short-term demand, while deferring public capacity-building, risks deepening structural dependency. Without credible plans for governance, efficiency, and sustainability, procurement becomes a subsidy to incumbents rather than a pathway to plural, equitable research ecosystems.

        Public compute should be governed to create public value: user-centric boards; safety, auditing, and documentation duties; contributions to digital commons; and efficiency commitments that reward doing more with less compute. Treating major compute providers as utilities – ensuring fair dealing and interoperability – would curb lock-in and enhance contestability. [IV] To move beyond an arms race narrative, policymakers must define public benefit precisely, then align access rules, funding, and oversight with that vision so that AI serves society rather than merely scale.

(Adapted from Ada Lovelace Institute, “The role of public compute”.)

Question 31. The word gulf in paragraph 3 mostly means ______.

A.  roughly equivalent                                B. marginally divergent

C.  vastly asymmetrical                                D. neatly congruent

Question 32. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

Pooling capacity under AIRR is intended to democratise experimentation by lowering the prohibitive costs individual labs currently face.

A.  [I]                        B. [II]                                C. [III]                                D. [IV]

Question 33. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A.  Venture-driven integration concentrates control of the AI stack, shrinking genuine openness and constraining non-commercial research.

B.  Public labs already dominate compute markets, ensuring academic freedom and broad experimental diversity across disciplines.

C.  Hardware scarcity matters less than software tooling, which guarantees fair access regardless of cloud ownership structures.

D.  Decentralised hobbyist clusters outcompete hyperscalers, reversing dependence and restoring pluralism in foundation-model research.

Question 34. What is framed as a short-term stopgap?

A.  Banning vertical integration                        B. Building national fabs

C.  Buying cloud credits in bulk                        D. Mandating open weights

Question 35. According to paragraph 4, treating compute providers as utilities would ______.

A.  require fair dealing and interoperability to limit customer lock-in across the stack

B.  guarantee free access for all researchers regardless of safety obligations or quotas

C.  eliminate venture capital funding from AI infrastructure within five fiscal years

D.  nationalise every major data centre and centrally set all training priorities

Question 36. What does effective AIRR governance need to include, as suggested in the passage?
A. Exclusive partnerships with hyperscalers to accelerate procurement and suppress duplicative projects

B.  User-centred boards, safety auditing, commons contributions, and efficiency-linked access incentives
C. A permanent moratorium on frontier research to conserve energy and reduce ecological footprints
D. Unlimited compute allowances for accredited universities without documentation or throughput reporting

Question 37. The phrase arms race in paragraph 4 refers to ______.

A.  chip yields                                                B. peace talks

C.  zero-sum competition                                D. budget windfall

Question 38. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A.  Public boards should avoid engaging users, since expert-only governance accelerates safe and plural innovation.

B.  The UK already commands ample supercomputing; additional public compute would be redundant for academic laboratories.

C.  Open-source releases alone are sufficient to neutralise market concentration throughout the compute supply chain.

D.  Without clear public-benefit criteria, investments risk fortifying incumbents rather than broadening socially valuable AI research opportunities.

Question 39. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

Relying on hyperscalers to fulfil short-term demand, while deferring public capacity-building, risks deepening structural dependency.

A.  Contracting with hyperscalers briefly then cancelling guarantees sovereignty regardless of domestic infrastructure development or long-term planning efforts.

B.  Buying bulk credits today and expanding public capacity tomorrow will permanently eliminate reliance on commercial platforms for research infrastructure.

C.  Meeting near-term needs solely through big clouds while postponing state capacity would lock public research into lasting dependence on incumbents.

D.  If governments delay procurement and rush capacity-building, vendors will forego leverage and encourage decentralization promoting competitive research ecosystems.

Question 40. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A.  Private leadership in AI is inevitable; public investment should avoid governance and concentrate on speed alone.

B.  Public compute, governed for public value, can counter concentration and align AI with democratically articulated social aims.

C.  The only barrier to plural AI is hardware scarcity; policy choices are largely irrelevant to outcomes.

D.  Academic projects should exit public funding and rely solely on venture capital for experimentation.