Read the following passage about the Climate Change Concerns Across Middle-Income Nations and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sh...

Read the following passage about the Climate Change Concerns Across Middle-Income Nations and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

A comprehensive survey conducted by the Pew Research Center in early 2025 examined climate change perceptions across nine middle-income nations, including Argentina, Brazil, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mexico, Nigeria, South Africa, and Turkey. [I] The findings reveal widespread anxiety about environmental transformations affecting local communities. When researchers needed data that would accurately represent developing economies' perspectives on global warming, these particular countries seemed to fit the bill perfectly. Remarkably, 74% of surveyed adults confirmed that climate change impacts their immediate surroundings to some degree. This vulnerability assessment demonstrates how anthropogenic factors increasingly threaten regional stability and economic prosperity.

[II] In Brazil and Indonesia, overwhelming majorities—exceeding 90%—anticipate experiencing direct harm from environmental changes during their lifetimes. Such overwhelming consensus reflects genuine concerns about immediate climate risks. This stark reality underscores the immediacy of climate concerns in vulnerable regions where adaptive infrastructure remains limited. The data suggest diminishing adaptive capacity among populations facing escalating environmental pressures and insufficient governmental mitigation strategies.

Water-related catastrophes dominate public fears across all surveyed territories. Approximately 47% of respondents identified droughts and water shortages as their primary environmental worry, significantly surpassing concerns about heat waves, flooding, or rising sea levels. These preferences reflect practical realities in regions where agricultural livelihoods and freshwater access remain precarious. Altered precipitation patterns and ecosystem degradation continue to threaten food security and sustainable development goals across these vulnerable populations. [III] 

Despite mounting anxieties, optimism persists regarding collective action potential. An encouraging 80% of participants expressed willingness to modify their daily routines and professional practices to mitigate climate effects. However, confidence in international cooperation varies considerably, with 62% believing global collaboration can substantially reduce environmental degradation. They recognize that individual efforts alone cannot address systemic challenges requiring coordinated governmental and corporate responses. [IV] The survey ultimately highlights both the urgency felt by citizens in developing nations and their readiness to contribute toward meaningful solutions through enhanced environmental governance and reduced carbon footprints.

https://www.pewresearch.org/lk

Question 31: The phrase “fit the bill” in paragraph 1 has the closest meaning to _________.

A. work out                                        B. live up to                                        C. turn out                                        D. come up with

Question 32: All of the following concerns were mentioned in the survey EXCEPT _________.

A. Heat waves                                B. Droughts                                        C. Rising sea levels                        D. Air pollution

Question 33: Where in the paragraph does the following sentence best fit?

The personal dimension of climate threats emerged as particularly striking throughout the investigation.

A. [I]                                                B. [II]                                                C. [III]                                                D. [IV]

Question 34: The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to _________.

A. Brazil and Indonesia

B. environmental changes

C. overwhelming majorities

D. researchers

Question 35: The word “precarious” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to _________.

A. volatile                                        B. peripheral                                        C. arbitrary                                        D. robust

Question 36: Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?

A. Water disasters dominate environmental fears, with droughts being the top concern above other climate threats in agricultural regions.

B. Multiple climate threats, including flooding, heat waves, and droughts, create equal concerns for agricultural sustainability across surveyed territories.

C. Environmental anxieties vary significantly, with water access and extreme weather creating similar challenges for regional development goals.

D. Climate degradation affects food security through interconnected factors, with ecosystem changes threatening sustainable agricultural practices.

Question 37: Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. Trust in worldwide cooperation differs significantly, though 62% doubt that international partnerships can effectively address climate-related environmental problems.

B. Belief in global cooperation fluctuates widely, yet 62% think international collaboration can effectively combat environmental deterioration.

C. Faith in international partnerships remains constant, with 62% convinced that global efforts will completely eliminate environmental challenges.

D. Confidence in global collaboration stays uniform, while 62% believe individual actions can significantly reduce worldwide environmental damage.

Question 38: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Heat waves and flooding concerns significantly exceeded water-related disaster fears among surveyed populations.

B. Less than half of the respondents expressed confidence that international cooperation can effectively reduce environmental issues.

C. Brazil and Indonesia showed moderate climate anxiety, with fewer than 80% expecting direct environmental harm.

D. Most participants demonstrated willingness to change personal behaviors while recognizing that individual efforts cannot solve systemic problems.

Question 39: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Middle-income nations lack adequate resources and infrastructure to effectively address escalating climate impacts.

B. Developed countries show significantly higher confidence in international cooperation than surveyed developing nations.

C. Water shortages affect coastal regions more severely than inland areas across surveyed territories.

D. Individual behavioral changes prove more effective than governmental policies in reducing environmental degradation.

Question 40: Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. Nine developing nations show varying climate perceptions, with Brazil and Indonesia displaying highest anxiety levels about environmental impacts.

B. A 2025 study reveals widespread climate anxiety dominated by water fears, yet shows citizen optimism and willingness to act personally.

C. Climate change creates overwhelming fear in developing nations facing inadequate infrastructure and insufficient governmental mitigation responses.

D. International cooperation emerges as the preferred solution while individual behavioral changes demonstrate significant potential for reducing climate impacts.