Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each o...

Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

[I] In an increasingly digital world, the threat posed by virus writers and hackers is ever-present. [II] These individuals use their skills to exploit vulnerabilities in computer systems, often leading to significant financial and personal information loss. [III] Virus writers create malicious software - viruses, worms, and ransomware - to infiltrate systems, whereas hackers might break into systems for various motives, including curiosity, financial gain, or political activism. Understanding their methods is crucial in mitigating risks. [IV]

         Typically, virus writers operate by identifying security flaws in software and systems. Once a vulnerability is found, they design code that can infect devices, often propagating through networks or external devices. Hackers, meanwhile, may use similar tactics but often engage in more extensive infiltration activities, stealing sensitive data instead of merely causing disruption.

Protection against these threats involves not only technical measures, such as firewalls and antivirus software, but also awareness and education among users. By recognizing suspicious behaviors, such as unsolicited emails or unfamiliar software installations, individuals can protect themselves from potential attacks.

Ultimately, as technology evolves, so too must our strategies for defending against these cyber adversaries. Understanding the motivations and techniques of virus writers and hackers can empower individuals and organizations to take proactive measures in safeguarding their digital environments.

Question 12. Where in the passage 1 does the following sentence best fit?

"Many hackers also engage in ethical hacking to help organizations enhance their security."

A. [III]                        B. [I]                                C. [IV]                                D. [II]

Question 13. The phrase "exploit vulnerabilities" in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by ____________.

A. patch weaknesses        B. analyze risks                C. create loopholes                D. take advantage of

Question 14. The word "propagating" in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.

         A. spreading                B. deleting                        C. developing                        D. causing harm

Question 15. Which of the following is NOT a method virus writers use?

A. Design code                                        B. Creating firewalls

C. Infecting devices                                        D. Identifying security flaws

Question 16. Which statement best summarizes the difference between virus writers and hackers?

A. Virus writers are more malicious than hackers.

B. Hackers do not create viruses.

C. Virus writers only cause disruptions while hackers steal information.

D. Both engage in illegal activities, but hackers may also aim to improve security.

Question 17. The term "malicious software" in paragraph 1 refers to ____________.

A. software designed to harm systems                B. software with no defined purpose

C. software that improves performance                D. software solely used by corporations

Question 18. According to the passage, what role does user awareness play?

A. It's the only way to protect against attacks.

B. It's irrelevant to cybersecurity.

C. It complements technical measures for better security.

D. It's less important than technical measures.

Question 19. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Virus writers only target financial institutions.

B. All hackers are criminals.

C. The landscape of cyber threats is constantly evolving.

D. Technology can eliminate all cyber threats.

Question 20. Which of the following best paraphrases the last sentence of the passage?

A. To defend against cyber threats, technology needs to adapt continually.

B. The motivations of cybercriminals will remain unchanged over time.

C. Adapting to new threats is unnecessary for digital safety.

D. Cybersecurity should focus solely on technical advancements.

Question 21. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. All users are aware of potential cyber threats.

B. Hackers do not rely on exploiting vulnerabilities.

C. Technical measures alone can fully secure systems.

D. Virus writers and hackers use the same techniques to achieve different goals.