Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each o...

Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 6 to 15.

[I] Violent online content is now “unavoidable” for children in the UK. [II] Research from the media watchdog has found that many kids first exposed to it when they are still in primary school. [III] They included videos of local school and street fights shared in group chats, as well as extreme graphic violence with gang- related content. [IV]

Children were aware that even more extreme material was available in the deeper recesses of the web, but had not sought it out themselves, the report concluded. The findings prompted the NSPCC to accuse tech platforms of sitting back and “ignoring their duty of care to young users.” Rani Govender, a senior policy officer for child safety online, said: “It is deeply concerning that children are telling us that being unintentionally exposed to violent content has become a normal part of their online lives. It is unacceptable that algorithms are continuing to push out harmful content that we know can have pernicious mental and emotional consequences for young people.”

The research, conducted by the Family, Kids and Youth agency, was part of Ofcom’s preparation for its new responsibilities under the Online Safety Act, passed last year, which handed the regulator the power to crack down on social networks that are failing to protect their users, particularly children.

Gill Whitehead, Ofcom’s online safety group director, said: “Children should not feel that seriously harmful content is an unavoidable part of their lives online. Today's research sends a powerful message to tech firms that now is the time to act so they are ready to meet their child protection duties under new online safety laws. Later this spring, we will consult on how we expect the industry to make sure that children can enjoy an age-appropriate, safer online experience.”

Almost every leading tech firm was among those named by the children and young people interviewed by Ofcom, but Snapchat and Meta’s apps Instagram and WhatsApp came up most frequently.

Question 6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Children have chosen to ignore the existence of violent content online.

B. There’s a growing concern about the impact of online violence on children’s mental and emotional well-being.

C. Tech platforms are fully compliant with the Online Safety Act and effectively protect children.

D. The prevalence of violent online content is largely due to children actively seeking it out.

Question 7. The word “pernicious” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. unharzardous        B. fascinating                        C. supportive                        D. extensive

Question 8. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. All children in the UK actively seek out violent content online for entertainment.

B. Tech platforms have successfully eliminated harmful content from children’s online experiences.

C. Every British child interviewed for the Ofcom study reported having watched violent materials online.

D. The NSPCC believes that children are unaffected by violent content on the internet.

Question 9. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?

A. It is essential for children to believe that harmful online content is a natural aspect of their digital experience.

B. Children should embrace the idea that harmful content is a regular part of their online interactions.

C. Children must not consider exposure to seriously harmful content as something they cannot escape online.

D. It is important for children to accept that encountering harmful content online is inevitable.

Question 10. Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?

Every British child interviewed for the Ofcom study had watched violent materials on the internet.

A. [I]                        B. [II]                                C. [III]                                D. [IV]

Question 11. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A. The NSPCC believes that children are too sheltered from online dangers and should explore more.

B. Tech platforms are failing to protect children from harmful online content, leading to unintentional exposure to violence.

C. Rani Govender supports the idea that algorithms are beneficial for children’s online experiences.

D. Children actively seek out extreme content online and are not affected by intentional exposure to violence.

Question 12. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. The NSPCC believes that children are overreacting to online violence and that tech platforms are doing enough to protect them.

B. The Online Safety Act has had no impact on the availability of harmful content for children in the UK.

C. Research shows that exposure to violent online content is prevalent among UK children, prompting calls for tech companies to enhance their duty of care under new safety regulations.

D. Children in the UK are actively seeking out violent content online and find it entertaining.

Question 13. The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to ____________.

A. the media                B. primary school                C. research                        D. violent online content

Question 14. The word “available” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by ____________.

A. existing                B. durable                        C. exciting                        D. curable

Question 15. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT a reason for children’s exposure to

violence?

A. Tech platforms neglecting their safety.                B. Algorithms pushing harmful content.

C. Active seeking of extreme material.                D. Unintentional exposure to violent content.