Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each o...

Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

The Silent Struggles: Domestic and School Violence in Vietnam

[I]. Domestic and school violence represent persistent and deeply concerning issues in Vietnam, often concealed beneath societal norms that prioritize family privacy and educational harmony. [II]. Despite significant efforts by the government and various organizations to raise awareness and implement protective measures, the pervasive nature of these forms of violence continues to inflict profound psychological and physical harm on countless individuals, particularly the most vulnerable. [III]. Understanding the nuances of these challenges is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. [IV].

Domestic violence, encompassing physical, emotional, sexual, and economic abuse, remains alarmingly prevalent. While laws are in place to protect victims, cultural factors, such as the emphasis on maintaining family reputation and traditional gender roles, often deter victims from speaking out or seeking help. Many instances occur behind closed doors, making them difficult to detect and address. Women and children are disproportionately affected, enduring long-term trauma that impacts their mental health, educational attainment, and future relationships. For example, a child witnessing or experiencing violence at home may develop anxiety, depression, or behavioral problems, struggling to concentrate in school or form healthy social connections: This cycle of violence can tragically perpetuate itself across generations if not broken.

         School violence, too, presents a multifaceted problem, ranging from physical assaults and bullying to cyberbullying and emotional intimidation. The rise of social media and digital platforms has unfortunately provided new avenues for harassment, extending beyond the school gates. While bullying might seem like a minor issue to some, its impact on victims can be devastating, leading to severe emotional distress, declining academic performance, and even suicidal thoughts. A student constantly ridiculed or ostracized by peers, for instance, might develop extreme shyness, withdraw from social activities, or refuse to attend school altogether. Teachers and school authorities often face challenges in identifying and addressing these incidents due to victims' reluctance to report, fear of retaliation, or inadequate training in handling complex social dynamics.

Addressing domestic and school violence requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach. Public awareness campaigns must challenge deep-seated cultural norms that normalize or excuse violence, encouraging victims and witnesses to report incidents. Education plays a vital role, not only in teaching students about healthy relationships and conflict resolution but also in training teachers and parents to recognize signs of abuse and respond appropriately. Strengthening legal frameworks, improving access to support services (like hotlines, shelters, and counseling), and ensuring swift, effective intervention from authorities are also essential. Ultimately, fostering a society where safety, respect, and open communication are paramount is key to dismantling these cycles of violence and protecting Vietnam's future generations.

Question 31. Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?

"This silent suffering undermines the very fabric of family life and the learning environment."

A. [I]                                B. [IV]                                C. [II]                                D. [III]

Question 32. The phrase "inflict profound psychological and physical harm" in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by ____________.

A. create deep intellectual and physical well-being

B. bring about significant mental and bodily damage

C. result in negligible emotional and physical pain

D. cause minor emotional and bodily injury

Question 33. The word "their" in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.

A. women and children                                        B. victims

C. instances                                                        D. traditional gender roles

Question 34. According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT a reason why victims of domestic violence might be deterred from seeking help?

A. Emphasis on maintaining family reputation                B. Traditional gender roles

C. Occurrence behind closed doors                                D. Absence of protective laws

Question 35. Which of the following best summarizes paragraph 3?

A. School violence is a problem involving physical assaults among students and happening within the school gates.

B. Cyberbullying leading to severe emotional distress, declining academic performance, and even suicidal thoughts is the most common form of violence.

C. School violence is a complex issue, including various forms of abuse, worsened by digital platforms, with significant negative impacts on victims and challenges for school authorities to address.

D. Teachers and school authorities are generally well-equipped to handle all types of school violence effectively.

Question 36. The word "ridiculed" in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.

A. insulted                        B. scorned                        C. mocked                        D. extolled

Question 37. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Both domestic and school violence often remain hidden due to societal norms.

B. The rise of social media has helped reduce instances of school bullying.

C. Domestic violence primarily affects men in Vietnamese society.

D. Current laws in Vietnam are fully effective in protecting all victims of violence.

Question 38. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 2?

“This cycle of violence can tragically perpetuate itself across generations if not broken.”

A. Breaking the cycle of violence is impossible once it has begun in a family.

B. The patterns of abuse can sadly continue from one generation to the next unless there is intervention.

C. Experiencing violence at home leads to a guaranteed cycle of violence in future generations.

D. Violence within families only occurs for one generation and then naturally stops.

Question 39. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Economic abuse is not considered a serious form of domestic violence in Vietnam.

B. Strengthening legal frameworks alone is sufficient to eliminate domestic and school violence.

C. Victims of school violence are ready to report incidents if asked by teachers and school authorities.

D. Comprehensive solutions to violence require changes in both individual behavior and societal attitudes.

Question 40. Which of the following best summarizes the entire passage?

A. The primary solution to violence in Vietnam lies in punishing perpetrators more severely and ignoring cultural factors.

B. Vietnamese society is unwilling to discuss or address issues of domestic and school violence due to traditional norms.

C. Vietnam faces ongoing challenges with domestic and school violence, necessitating multi-faceted solutions involving awareness, education, and strengthened support systems.

D. Domestic and school violence are easily detected problems in Vietnam, mainly caused by a lack of strict laws and poor enforcement.