Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5.

        The traditional “take – make – dispose” model has dominated global production for decades, but it is increasingly unsustainable. The circular economy offers an alternative by designing products that can be reused, repaired, or recycled. (1) _______. This approach not only reduces waste but also helps conserve valuable natural resources. Governments and companies are beginning to recognize the benefits of such systems, investing in new technologies and business models. (2) _______. Instead, the focus remains on how materials can circulate within the economy for as long as possible. (3) _______. For example, when electronics are collected and refurbished, they extend their lifespan and reduce the demand for raw minerals. (4) _______. In contrast, if societies continue to rely on linear consumption, the pressure on ecosystems will only intensify. (5) _______. By shifting toward circularity, communities can build resilience, create jobs, and move closer to a sustainable future.

(Adapted from World Economic Forum, “The Importance of a Circular Economy”)

Question 1.  A. Multiple organizations have reorganized their operational chains to limit waste, producing items that survive longer and are less complicated to mend

B. Numerous companies have restructured their production systems to minimize refuse, developing goods that endure longer and are simpler to restore

C. Various enterprises have reconfigured their distribution networks to decrease waste, generating products that persist longer and are more straightforward to fix

D. Many firms have redesigned their supply chains to reduce waste, creating products that last longer and are easier to repair

Question 2.  A. Certain scholars contend that cooperation among industries is necessitated by circular systems, guaranteeing that refuse from one field transforms into resources for another

B. Some researchers argue that collaboration across industries is required by circularity, ensuring that waste from one sector becomes raw material for another

C. Various experts maintain that coordination between sectors is demanded by cyclical economies, confirming that byproducts from one industry convert to inputs for another

D. Several analysts assert that partnership across fields is required by circular models, securing that waste from one domain becomes feedstock for another

Question 3.  A. This principle illustrates how circular practices generate both environmental and economic value, reinforcing the logic of sustainable production systems

B. Such concepts demonstrate how cyclical approaches create ecological and financial benefits, strengthening the rationale for sustainable manufacturing methods

C. These ideas show how circular methods produce environmental and commercial advantages, validating the reasoning behind sustainable production frameworks

D. This framework exemplifies how recycling practices yield ecological and economic gains, confirming the foundation of sustainable manufacturing approaches

Question 4.  A. Were businesses to have adopted recycling strategies earlier, they would have precluded major resource reduction and decreased ecological harm

B. Had enterprises implemented cyclical approaches sooner, they would have avoided substantial resource exhaustion and diminished ecological deterioration

C. Should organizations have embraced circular models previously, they would have forestalled considerable resource consumption and lessened environmental damage

D. If companies had adopted circular strategies earlier, they would have prevented significant resource depletion and reduced environmental degradation

Question 5.  A. Authorities need to develop stimuli that foster innovation while securing that industries maintain competitiveness in quickly transforming economies

B. Regulators should create motivations that promote advancement while guaranteeing that sectors stay competitive in swiftly evolving markets

C. Policymakers must design incentives that encourage innovation while ensuring that industries remain competitive in rapidly changing marketplaces

D. Officials must establish inducements that stimulate progress while confirming that businesses preserve competitiveness in rapidly shifting commercial environments