Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 12 to 16.

        Cultural heritage faces unprecedented threats in the modern era. Climate change, urban expansion, and armed conflicts endanger ancient monuments daily. (12) _______. International organizations now deploy advanced scanning technology to document vulnerable structures. UNESCO’s World Heritage designation brings global attention, yet funding remains scarce. (13) _______. Governments must balance tourism revenue with conservation needs at fragile sites. Local communities often possess traditional knowledge crucial for restoration work. (14) _______. Archaeologists and engineers collaborate to stabilize foundations without modern cement that damages original materials. (15) _______. Digital archives preserve three-dimensional models even when physical sites deteriorate beyond repair. Museums return looted artifacts, acknowledging colonial histories and strengthening partnerships. (16) _______.

(Adapted from National Geographic, “Can World Heritage Status Save Endangered Sites?”)

Question 12. A. These technological advances enable specialists to create comprehensive documentation before natural disasters or conflicts cause irreversible damage

B. Such digital innovations allow conservators to develop detailed records of threatened monuments facing imminent deterioration

C. These scanning capabilities help heritage professionals capture precise measurements and high-resolution imagery of vulnerable structures

D. Such documentation systems permit researchers to generate accurate three-dimensional models of endangered archaeological sites

Question 13. A. Consequently, designated heritage sites typically receive enhanced protection and increased international financial support

B. However, official recognition does not automatically guarantee the substantial resources required to prevent ongoing deterioration

C. Therefore, protected landmarks often attract significant visitor numbers seeking authentic encounters with cultural history

D. Nevertheless, heritage designation frequently enables access to emergency funding for stabilizing damaged monuments

Question 14. A. Meanwhile, restoration specialists provide training in traditional construction techniques that local communities have preserved across generations

B. Concurrently, conservation experts develop innovative methodologies that incorporate cutting-edge materials into restoration projects

C. Simultaneously, heritage tourism initiatives promote these sites as sustainable economic opportunities for developing regions

D. Meanwhile, international funding agencies prioritize projects that demonstrate clear economic benefits alongside preservation outcomes

Question 15. A. Collaborating closely, these professionals integrate contemporary scientific analysis while respecting authentic historical construction methods

B. Working in partnership, such teams apply modern engineering principles alongside traditional craftsmanship approaches

C. Through joint initiatives, these specialists merge innovative preservation technologies with time-honored building techniques

D. By coordinating efforts, these experts combine advanced materials science with traditional artisanal knowledge

Question 16. A. When nations collaborate transparent, future generations can inherit both tangible heritage sites and shared preservation responsibilities

B. Although challenges persist, coordinated international efforts demonstrate that conservation objectives can coexist with sustainable development

C. Unless immediate interventions occured, irreplaceable cultural monuments risk disappearing within the next several decades

D. Because tourism was continuing expanding, heritage managers face difficult decisions regarding appropriate visitor access restrictions