Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 18 to 22.

The History of Pizza

        The history of pizza, originating in southern Italy, reflects a long process of cultural adaptation, economic change, and social transformation. Long before pizza became a globally recognized dish, it was prepared and consumed within working-class communities for its affordability and nutritional value. Closely associated with everyday meals and communal traditions, pizza (18) ____________ and gradually became a staple of local cuisine.

        Recent historical research has traced the early spread of pizza beyond Italy through migration and urbanization. Drawing on culinary records and social histories, these studies have provided scholars with valuable evidence (19) ____________, reshaping earlier assumptions about how regional foods influence cultural identity.

        Following its introduction to the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, pizza underwent a significant shift in public perception. (20) ____________. This development contributed directly to the establishment of pizzerias as popular social spaces and commercial enterprises.

        By the mid-twentieth century, pizza attracted increasing industrial and commercial attention. (21) ____________. This shift led to its mass production and widespread availability across Europe, the Americas, and other regions. This period marked a decisive turning point in pizza’s global expansion.

        In response to growing concerns regarding public health, environmental impact, and corporate responsibility, (22) ____________. These measures continue to shape international debates, balancing commercial success with social accountability.

(Adapted from Discovery  Workbook)

Question 18: 

A. which was traditionally valued for its simplicity and accessibility

B. was traditionally valued for its simplicity and accessibility

C. being traditionally valued for its simplicity and accessibility

D. that traditional value lay in its simplicity and accessibility

Question 19: 

A. which documented the role of migration and urban culture in shaping food traditions

B. that documenting the role of migration and urban culture in shaping food traditions

C. that the role of migration and urban culture in shaping food traditions were documented

D. having documented the role of migration and urban culture in shaping food traditions

Question 20: 

A. Pizza production relied heavily on traditional methods passed down through generations.

B. Pizza production expanded steadily through small family-run businesses across urban neighborhoods.

C. Pizza recipes continued to evolve through regional adaptations influenced by local ingredients.

D. Pizza gradually came to be viewed as a shared cultural symbol rather than a regional specialty.

Question 21: 

A. It became the focus of large-scale commercial investment and industrial production

B. It took several decades for industrial change to affect production practices meaningfully.

C. It was originally assumed that attention was directed toward its cultural symbolism.

D. It became evident that commercial interest existed without full-scale industrial production.

Question 22: 

A. regulatory frameworks promoting sustainable and ethical practices have been the subject of extensive discussion

B. it has been widely acknowledged that sustainability and responsibility are the most important corporate concerns

C. industry leaders have increasingly adopted regulatory frameworks promoting sustainable and ethical practices.

D. the widespread encouragement of sustainable and ethical practices across the sectors has been a major priority