Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1...

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 12 to 21.

        On the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples, speakers at a UN EMRIP side event argued that visibility is survival, stressing that communities are both modern and ancient. The UN’s neutrality, they contended, furnishes a sanctuary where testimony can be offered without reprisals, allowing narratives to contest stereotypes and convene allies. [I] In such rooms, “nothing about us without us” becomes procedural rather than rhetorical, because those affected articulate needs, risks, and thresholds for consent in their own voices.

        Taking AI into their own hands, participants reframed “data” as a historically extracted resource – language, stories, artwork – requiring stewardship, not appropriation. A Métis-led firm described matriarchal design as fairness enacted: an AI With Heart that corrects bias, centers First Peoples, and insists everyone has a place in the circle. [II] For language workers, revitalization is identity work; deciding who may hear a story, and in which tongue, is an act of self-determination that resists commodification and the algorithmic flattening of living cultures.

        Others warned that preservation without co-design can fossilize languages, freezing them at a museum’s distance. AI is no longer a mere instrument; it functions as civic infrastructure that obliges rights-based governance and accountable design. The UN Declaration’s guarantee of free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) was cited as a floor, not a ceiling, for any data use. [III] Involvement must occur at inception, not as an afterthought, and speed must yield to deliberation where harm vectors remain opaque.

        Moving forward, speakers endorsed human-centred design that begins with Indigenous worldviews, plus capacity-building so communities can elect to engage on their own terms. [IV] Stewardship implies asymmetry at first: protect data before opening it, then share when safety is demonstrable. The “move fast and break things” ethos was rejected; instead, slow down, document trade-offs, and bring dispersed learners along. The UN can convene, but sovereignty means communities set protocols, govern access, and shape cultural algorithms that encode reciprocal obligations.

(Adapted from OHCHR, “Indigenous sovereignty in the AI era”)

Question 12. The word matriarchal in paragraph 2 mostly means ______.

A. vaguely technocratic                                B. overtly paternal

C. chiefly maternal                                        D. narrowly transactional

Question 13. What does the passage suggest about the UN side event’s unique value?

A. It offers a neutral sanctuary safer than some regions for candid Indigenous testimony.

B. It primarily funds proprietary tools and dictates standards without meaningful community participation.

C. It replaces domestic decision-making by issuing binding rulings for all governments.

D. It guarantees rapid deployment by prioritising speed over deliberation in contested settings.

Question 14. According to paragraph 3, the UN Declaration affirms ______?

A. free, prior, and informed consent for matters directly affecting their communities.

B. open-source licensing for all datasets derived from public cultural archives.

C. cross-border fair-use privileges for research-intensive technology corporations.

D. automatic anonymization mandates regardless of protocols or community vetoes.

Question 15. Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?

A. Communities recast data as stewarded culture; language is identity; fairness emerges through matriarchal design that corrects bias and resists algorithmic flattening.

B. Governments alone must police platforms while private firms manage language archives for maximum efficiency and reach across markets and jurisdictions.

C. Data markets ensure equitable returns so long as licensing is standardized and neutrality is maintained by third-party auditors worldwide.

D. Translation tools inevitably democratise heritage; gatekeeping harms revitalization because unrestricted access accelerates learning across dispersed communities.

Question 16. What is “AI With Heart”?

A. An Indigenous bias-correction AI framework        B. Commercial data monetization venture

C. Government-run content moderation bureau        D. Language-agnostic translation marketplace

Question 17. Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?

Such settings can also catalyse solidarity across dispersed nations facing similar digital harms.

A. [I]                        B. [II]                                C. [III]                                D. [IV]

Question 18. Which of the following does the phrase the circle in paragraph 2 refer to ______?

A. inclusive community                                B. legal tribunal

C. pricing algorithm                                        D. data marketplace

Question 19. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. Efforts to digitize Indigenous languages without consent-based governance risk re-inscribing extraction, because tools can freeze culture and misallocate authority over storytelling, and exclude communities altogether.

B. Once languages are recorded, any subsequent AI use is unproblematic if the models publish accuracy benchmarks and follow generic privacy regulations for consumers.

C. UN recognition alone suffices to guarantee equitable data sharing, even where capacity and governance structures are currently minimal or contested by stakeholders.

D. Algorithmic neutrality ensures fairness; therefore, deliberation delays harm revitalization and should be minimized to accelerate beneficial cultural diffusion internationally.

Question 20. Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?

AI is no longer a mere instrument; it functions as civic infrastructure that obliges rights-based governance and accountable design.

A. AI now operates like shared utilities so it warrants policy safeguards and accountable oversight rather than being treated as neutral optional gizmo.

B. AI, while powerful, remains discretionary luxury; thus strict governance would unnecessarily impede market-led innovation and threaten open collaboration across borders.

C. Because AI is programmable, any harms can be patched quickly, making formal rights frameworks redundant and largely symbolic in development practice.

D. Treating AI as infrastructure undermines civil rights; therefore communities should defer entirely to engineers on governance and impact-assessment methodology.

Question 21. Which of the following best summarises the passage?

A. A UN forum highlights Indigenous leadership in AI, foregrounding data sovereignty, FPIC, human-centred design, protect-first sharing, and cultural algorithms grounded in reciprocal obligations.

B. Global regulators should centralize archives and standardize access while communities observe, ensuring universal efficiency in language revitalization and technology deployment.

C. Market forces naturally protect culture; thus, rapid scaling and unrestricted openness are preferable to community governance and consent-based protocols.

D. Technical neutrality suffices for fairness; cultural participation is desirable but ultimately unnecessary for responsible AI development at scale.