Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered...

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 13 to 17.

        Cinema emerged in the late nineteenth century as a technological novelty. Early films lasted only minutes and relied on simple visual gags or everyday scenes. Audiences gathered in music halls and fairgrounds to watch moving images projected onto white sheets. (13) ____. Filmmakers soon recognized the medium’s potential for storytelling and emotional impact. (14) ____, production costs and distribution networks limited access to wealthier urban centers. By the 1920s, Hollywood studios had built vast theaters with orchestras and elaborate sets, (15) ____. Movies shaped public opinion on social issues, fashion, and behavior, (16) ____. Critics debated whether cinema elevated culture or merely provided cheap distraction. Nonetheless, film became a universal language that crossed borders and connected diverse communities, (17) ____.

(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/apr/27/features.news)

Question 13. A. These screenings captivated audiences, who returned regularly and encouraged others to experience the novelty firsthand

B. This unprecedented visual experience which generated considerable excitement, drawing crowds back to venues consistently

C. Such exhibitions amazed viewers, prompting families to attend performances repeatedly throughout subsequent weeks

D. These impressive presentations fascinate spectators, creating demand for increasingly elaborate productions and longer narratives

Question 14. A. However, production expenses and distribution limitations have initially restricted cinema access to affluent urban populations

B. Consequently, declining costs and efficient distribution networks brought cinema to remote villages ahead of major cities

C. Therefore, affordable production methods and accessible venues democratized cinema across all geographic regions simultaneously

D. Meanwhile, technological innovations reduced costs sufficiently to enable widespread rural adoption before urban expansion

Question 15. A. Audiences increasingly adopted formal attire and regarded cinema attendance as a prestigious cultural engagements

B. Theater owners commissioned elaborate architectural designs attracting patrons from upper socioeconomic classes

C. Moviegoers appreciated the escapism cinema offered during economically challenging periods throughout society

D. Cinema-going had become a weekly ritual that strengthened community bonds across diverse demographic groups

Question 16. A. thereby influencing public attitudes, fashion trends, and daily behavioral patterns across numerous countries

B. which shaped people’s perspectives, clothing preferences, and routine habits throughout many nations

C. thus affecting audience opinions, style choices, and social customs across multiple international contexts

D. consequently molding societal values, aesthetic sensibilities, and lifestyle practices in various global regions

Question 17. A. while traditional performing arts continued to shape local cultural identities despite cinema’s growing influence

B. yet scholars maintained that theater and literature warranted greater institutional respect and funding

C. so nations utilized cinema to promote shared cultural values and mutual understanding across divides

D. whereas radio broadcasting retained its position as the dominant household entertainment medium