Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 2...

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 23 to 30.

Cities worldwide are embracing rewilding initiatives as a strategic response to escalating climate challenges, transforming concrete landscapes into thriving ecological corridors. Urban rewilding involves restoring native vegetation, reintroducing indigenous wildlife, and allowing natural processes to reshape metropolitan environments dominated by human infrastructure for generations. This approach contrasts sharply with traditional landscaping, which prioritises aesthetic uniformity and intensive maintenance. Proponents argue that rewilded spaces provide critical ecosystem services including temperature regulation, stormwater management, and carbon sequestration. Barcelona, Melbourne, and Singapore have pioneered ambitious programmes converting rooftops and abandoned lots into biodiverse habitats.

The measurable benefits extend beyond environmental improvements to encompass significant public health advantages. Studies demonstrate that access to naturalistic green spaces reduces stress levels, mitigates respiratory ailments, and encourages physical activity among urban populations. Children growing up near rewilded areas show enhanced cognitive development and stronger immune systems compared to those in heavily built environments. Furthermore, these initiatives foster community engagement, with local volunteers participating in planting events and wildlife monitoring programmes. They report increased neighbourhood cohesion and environmental stewardship, though critics caution that poorly planned rewilding may exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities if projects concentrate in affluent districts.

Implementation challenges have emerged as cities navigate the complex balance between ecological restoration and urban functionality. Municipal authorities must address concerns from residents who resist changes to familiar landscapes, fearing increased pest populations or reduced property values. Legal frameworks designed for conventional park management often prove inadequate for rewilded spaces that intentionally appear less manicured. Insurance liabilities arise when fallen trees or wildlife interactions occur in areas deliberately left unmanaged. They face substantial obstacles in securing public acceptance. Despite these challenges, successful projects demonstrate that transparent communication and inclusive planning processes can overcome initial resistance.

The long-term sustainability depends on securing adequate funding and institutional support beyond initial enthusiasm. Many projects falter when municipal budgets tighten and political priorities shift, leaving restored habitats to deteriorate without ongoing stewardship. Ecologists emphasise that rewilding requires patient observation across decades, as ecosystems develop complexity and resilience gradually. Technological tools including remote sensing and environmental DNA analysis enable researchers to monitor biodiversity changes and assess intervention effectiveness. Climate projections suggest that rewilded urban areas will become increasingly vital as traditional green infrastructure struggles to cope with extreme weather events, making current investments in ecological restoration essential for future urban livability.

(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com)

Question 23. Which paragraph mentions legal inadequacies for managing ecological restoration sites?

A. Paragraph 2        B. Paragraph 3        C. Paragraph 1        D. Paragraph 4